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ź¼ÒÆ÷Áý±â¼úÀº ´ë±âÁßÀÇ ÀÌ»êÈź¼Ò¸¦ Á¦°Å ¿Â½ÇÈ¿°ú¸¦ ÁÙÀÌ´Â ±â¼úÀÌ´Ù.[»çÁø=¿¬ÇÕ´º½º] |
Áö±¸¿Â³È¸¦ ÇØ°áÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ±â¼úÀû ´ë¾ÈÀ¸·Î Å« ÁÖ¸ñÀ» ¹Þ°í Àִ ź¼Ò Æ÷Áý ±â¼úÀº ´ë±â ÁßÀÇ ÀÌ»êÈź¼Ò¸¦ Á¦°ÅÇØ ¿Â½ÇÈ¿°ú¸¦ ÁÙÀÌ·Á´Â ±â¼úÀÌ´Ù.
ź¼Ò Æ÷Áý ±â¼úÀº ±âÈÄ À§±â¸¦ ±Øº¹Çϱâ À§ÇÑ °¡Àå Çõ½ÅÀûÀÎ ±â¼ú·Î ¼Õ²ÅÈ÷°í ÀÖ´Ù. IPCC Á¦ 5Â÷ ‘Áö±¸¿Â³È 1.5¡É Ưº°º¸°í¼(2018)’¿¡ µû¸£¸é 2100³â¿¡ Áö±¸Ç¥¸é Æò±Õ ¿Âµµ »ó½ÂÀ» 1.5¡É ¹Ì¸¸À¸·Î Á¦ÇÑÇϱâ À§Çؼ´Â Àΰ£È°µ¿¿¡ ±âÀÎÇÑ Àü Áö±¸ ÀÌ»êÈź¼Ò ¼ø¹èÃâ·®À» 2030³â±îÁö 2010³â ´ëºñ ÃÖ¼Ò 45%±îÁö °¨¼ÒÇϰí, 2050³â¿¡´Â ¼øÁ¦·Î(Net Zero) Áï, ÀÌ»êÈź¼ÒÀÇ Ãß°¡ ¹èÃâ·Î ÀÎÇÑ ÀÌ»êÈź¼Ò ³óµµÀÇ »ó½ÂÀÌ ¾ø¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.[1]
¼øÁ¦·Î¸¦ ´Þ¼ºÇϱâ À§ÇØ IPCC º¸°í¼¿¡¼ Á¦½ÃÇÏ´Â ¿ÏÈ ³ë·ÂÀº ÃÑ ¼¼°¡Áö·Î, ù¹øÂ°´Â ȼ® ¿¬·á »ç¿ë ¹× »ê¾÷ ºÎ¹®ÀÇ ¹èÃâ·® Àú°¨, µÎ¹øÂ°´Â ¿¡³ÊÁö Àú¼ö¿ä »ýȰ ÆÐÅÏÀ¸·ÎÀÇ Àüȯ ±×¸®°í ¼¼¹øÂ°°¡ ÀÌ»êÈź¼Ò Á¦°Å(CDR, carbon dioxide removal) ±â¼ú Ȱ¿ëÀÌ´Ù.[2] ±×·¸´Ù¸é ÀÌ»êÈź¼Ò Á¦°Å ±â¼ú Áß Á÷Á¢ ´ë±â Æ÷ÁýÀº ¾î¶² ¹æ½ÄÀϱî?
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CDR¿¡´Â Å©°Ô »ýÅÂ°è ±â¹Ý Á¦°Å ±â¼ú°ú ÀΰøÀûÀÎ ±â¼ú ±â¹Ý ÀÌ»êÈź¼Ò Á¦°Å ±â¼ú·Î ±¸ºÐµÈ´Ù.[3] »ýÅÂ°è ±â¹Ý CDRÀº Á¶¸² ¹× ÀçÁ¶¸²(AR, afforestation and reforestation), Åä¾ç ź¼Ò °Ý¸®(soil carbon sequestration) °¡ Àִµ¥, ¿À·£ ±â°£ °¨Ãà ±â¿©µµ°¡ °ËÁõµÇ¾ú°í »çȸ¼ö¿ë¼ºÀÌ ³ô´Ù´Â ÀåÁ¡ÀÌ ÀÖÁö¸¸, ½Ä¹°ÀÌ È°¿ëµÇ´Â °úÁ¤¿¡¼ Èí¼öÇÑ ÀÌ»êÈź¼Ò°¡ ´©ÃâµÉ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù´Â ´ÜÁ¡ÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù.
»ýÅÂ-±â¼ú CDR¿¡´Â ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¿¡³ÊÁö ź¼Ò Æ÷Áý ¹× ÀúÀå(BECCS, bioenergy with carbon capture and storage)ÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. °¡Àå ¸¹Àº ±â¾÷µéÀÌ È°¿ëÇϰí ÀÖ´Â ±â¼ú ±â¹Ý CDR¿¡´Â Á÷Á¢ ´ë±â ź¼Ò Æ÷Áý ¹× ÀúÀå(DACCS, Direct air carbon capture and storage)°ú Ç³È °È(Enhanced weathering), ÇØ¾ç ¾ËÄ®¸®È(Ocean alkalinity)°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.[4]
±â¼ú ±â¹Ý CDRÀº ¾ÈÁ¤ÀûÀΠź¼Ò ÀúÀå¼Ò¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϱ⿡ Æ÷ÁýµÈ ÀÌ»êÈź¼Ò¸¦ ´©ÃâµÉ À§Çè ¾øÀÌ º¸°üÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¾ÈÁ¤ÀûÀÎ º¸°ü¼º¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í ±â¼ú¼º¼÷µµ°¡ ³·°í, ±×¸®°í »ýÅÂ°è ±â¹Ý CDR¿¡ ºñÇØ ½ÇÁ¦ »ç·Ê°¡ ºÎÁ·Çϰí, ±â¼úÀûÀ¸·Î ºÒÈ®½ÇÇÏ´Ù´Â ´ÜÁ¡µµ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù.[5][6]
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¡ÞÁ÷Á¢ ź¼Ò Æ÷Áý ±â¼ú(DAC)
ÀÌ»êÈź¼Ò¸¦ Á÷Á¢ È¿À²ÀûÀ¸·Î ÁÙÀÏ ¼ö Àִ ź¼Ò Æ÷Áý ¹× ÀúÀå ±â¼ú(CCS)Àº Æ÷Áý±â¼ú, ¼ö¼Û±â¼ú, ÀúÀå±â¼ú ±×¸®°í Àüȯ±â¼ú·Î Å©°Ô ³× °¡Áö·Î ³ª´ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
ÀÌ Áß Æ÷Áý±â¼úÀº CCS Àüü ºñ¿ëÀÇ 70~80%¸¦ Â÷ÁöÇÏ´Â ÇÙ½É ±â¼ú·Î, ź¼Ò¸¦ Æ÷ÁýÇÏ´Â ¹èÃâ¿ø¿¡ µû¶ó ¿¬¼Ò ÈÄ Æ÷Áý ±â¼ú, ¿¬¼Ò Àü Æ÷Áý ±â¼ú, ¼ø »ê¼Ò ¿¬¼Ò ±â¼ú·Î ±¸ºÐµÈ´Ù.
ÀÌ Áß ¿¬¼Ò ÈÄ Æ÷Áý ±â¼ú¿¡ ¼ÓÇÏ´Â Á÷Á¢ ´ë±â ź¼Ò Æ÷Áý ±â¼ú(DAC)Àº ȼ®¿¬·á¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¹ßÀü¼Ò, ö°, ½Ã¸àÆ® °øÀå µî ÀÌ»êÈź¼Ò ´ë·® ¹ß»ý¿øÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿¬¼Ò ÈÄ ¹è±â°¡½º¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ ÀÌ»êÈź¼Ò¸¸À» ÃßÃâÇØ ºÐ¸®ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ±âÁ¸ ¹ß»ý¿ø¿¡ Àû¿ëÇϱ⠰¡Àå ½¬¿î ±â¼úÀÌ´Ù.[7]
Á÷Á¢ ź¼Ò Æ÷Áý ±â¼ú(DAC)ÀÇ ±â¼ú¼ºÀº Å©°Ô ¼¼ °¡Áö ºÐ¾ß·Î ±¸ºÐµÈ´Ù. ù ¹øÂ°´Â Æ÷ÁýÁ¦, µÎ ¹øÂ°´Â °øÁ¤, ¼¼ ¹øÂ°´Â ¿¡³ÊÁö ¼ÒºñÀÌ´Ù.[8] ù ¹øÂ° ºÐ¾ßÀÎ Æ÷ÁýÁ¦´Â µÎ°¡Áö Ãø¸é¿¡¼ Á÷Á¢ ´ë±â ź¼Ò Æ÷Áý¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ³¢Ä£´Ù.
Æ÷ÁýÁ¦´Â ź¼Ò Æ÷Áý °úÁ¤¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ÀÇ ¾ÈÁ¤¼ºÀ» µµ¸ðÇØÁÖ°í ´ë±â Áß¿¡ ¾ÆÁÖ ±Ø¼Ò·®À¸·Î Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ÀÌ»êÈź¼Ò¸¦ Àâ¾Æ³»±â ½¬¿î ȯ°æÀ» Á¶¼ºÇØÁØ´Ù. ÇöÀç Á÷Á¢ ´ë±â Æ÷Áý °úÁ¤¿¡ °ü¿©ÇÏ´Â Æ÷ÁýÁ¦´Â ½À½Ä ¼³ºñÀÇ °æ¿ì °¿°±â ¼ö¿ë¾×, °Ç½Ä ¼³ºñÀÇ °æ¿ì ÈíÂøÁ¦°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ½À½Ä ¼³ºñ¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â °¿°±â´Â ÁÖ·Î ¼ö»êȹ°Àε¥ ¼ö»êÈ ³ªÆ®·ý(NaOH)°ú ¼ö»êÈ Æ÷Ÿ½·(KOH)¸¦ Áß½ÉÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù.[9]
°Ç½Ä ¼³ºñ¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ÈíÂøÁ¦´Â ´Ù°ø¼º ¹°ÁúÀ» ÁÖ·Î »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ´Ù°ø¼º ¹°ÁúÀÇ Æ¯¼º»ó ÀÌ»êÈź¼Ò¿Í Á¢ÃËÇÒ ¼ö Àִ ǥ¸éÀÌ ³Ð±â¿¡ È¿°úÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÌ»êÈź¼Ò¸¦ Æ÷ÁýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.[10] ij³ª´ÙÀÇ Ä«º»¿£Áö´Ï¾î¸µÀº ½À½Ä Èí¼öÁ¦¸¦, ½ºÀ§½ºÀÇ Å¬¶óÀÓ¿÷½º¿Í ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ±Û·Î¹ú½á¸ð½ºÅÈÀº °Ç½Ä ÈíÂøÁ¦¸¦ Æ÷ÁýÁ¦·Î »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
µÎ ¹øÂ°´Â °øÁ¤ ±â¼ú°ú °ü·ÃµÈ ºÐ¾ßÀÌ´Ù. °øÁ¤ ¼³ºñ ¶ÇÇÑ °Ç½Ä ¼³ºñ¿Í ½À½Ä ¼³ºñ ºÐ¾ß¿¡¼ Â÷À̸¦ º¸ÀδÙ.
½À½Ä ¼³ºñÀÇ °æ¿ì Æ÷ÁýÁ¦¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â °¿°±â ¼ö¿ë¾×Àº ¸¹Àº ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÑ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ¹ÝÀÀ ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ ³·ÃçÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °øÁ¤ °úÁ¤ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. ij³ª´ÙÀÇ Ä«º»¿£Áö´Ï¾î¸µÀº ¼¼ ´Ü°è¿¡ °ÉÄ£ °øÁ¤ °úÁ¤À» ÅëÇØ ¹ÝÀÀ ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ ÁÙÀδÙ. ħÀü(precipitation)-ÇϼÒ(calcination)-¼ÒÈ(slaking)·Î À̾îÁö´Â ¼¼ ´Ü°è¸¦ ÅëÇØ Æ÷Áý¿¡ ¼Ò¿äµÇ´Â ¹ÝÀÀ ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ °¨¼Ò½ÃŲ´Ù.[11]
°Ç½Ä ¼³ºñ´Â ºñ±³Àû °£´ÜÇÑ °øÁ¤ °úÁ¤À» °¡Áö´Âµ¥ ¾Ð·Â º¯µ¿ ÈíÂø(PSA, pressure-swing adsorption)°ú ¿Âµµ º¯µ¿ ÈíÂø(TSA, temperature-swing adsorption)À¸·Î ±¸ºÐµÈ´Ù. ½ºÀ§½ºÀÇ Å¬¶óÀÓ¿÷½º¿Í ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ±Û·Î¹ú½á¸ð½ºÅÈÀº µÎ ¹æ½Ä ¸ðµÎ¸¦ È¥ÇÕÇÏ¿© °øÁ¤ °úÁ¤À» °ÅÄ£´Ù.[12]
¼¼ ¹øÂ°´Â Á÷Á¢ ´ë±â Æ÷Áý ¼³ºñ ±¸µ¿ ½Ã¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¿¡³ÊÁö¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ´Ù. ¾Õ¼ ¼³¸íÇßµíÀÌ ÇöÀç Á÷Á¢ ´ë±â Æ÷Áý °úÁ¤À» ½À½Ä°ú °Ç½ÄÀ¸·Î ±¸ºÐµÇ´Âµ¥ µÎ ¼³ºñ°¡ ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÏ´Â ¿¡³ÊÁö´Â ¾ç¿¡¼ÀÇ Â÷À̸¦ º¸ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
´Ù¸¸ °Ç½Ä ¼³ºñ´Â Àú¿ÂÀÇ ¿¡³ÊÁö·Î ÃæºÐÈ÷ ±¸µ¿ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏÁö¸¸ ½À½Ä ¼³ºñ´Â °í¿ÂÀÇ ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÏ´Ù´Â Á¡¿¡¼ ¿¡³ÊÁö ÁúÀÇ Â÷À̸¦ º¸ÀδÙ.[13]
µû¶ó¼ °Ç½Ä ¼³ºñ´Â °æÁ¦ÀûÀ¸·Î ¿À» °ø±Þ¹Þ±â À§ÇØ È¼® ¿¬·á »ç¿ë ¹× »ê¾÷ ½Ã¼³°ú ÀÎÁ¢ÇÑ ÀÔÁö°¡ À¯¸®ÇÏÁö¸¸ ½À½Ä ¼³ºñ´Â õ¿¬°¡½º·Î Á÷Á¢ °í¿ÂÀ¸·Î °¡¿À» ÇØÁà¾ß Çϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ °¡½º ¹ßÀü ¼³ºñ°¡ ÇÔ²² ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÏ°í ¼³Ä¡ °úÁ¤¿¡ ÀÖ¾î õ¿¬°¡½ºÀÇ °¡°Ý±îÁö °í·ÁÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.[14]
ÇöÀç Á÷Á¢ ´ë±â ź¼Ò Æ÷Áý ±â¼úÀº ½ºÀ§½ºÀÇ Å¬¶óÀÓ¿÷½º, ij³ª´ÙÀÇ Ä«º» ¿£Áö´Ï¾î¸µ(Carbon Engineering), ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ±Û·Î¹ú½á¸ð½ºÅÈ(Global) µî ¼¼ ±â¾÷ÀÌ À̲ø¾î ³ª°¡°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¼¼ ±â¾÷ Áß Åº¼Ò Æ÷Áý ±â¼ú »ó¿ëÈ¿¡ °¡Àå °¡±î¿î ±â¾÷Àº 2021³â ´ë±Ô¸ð ź¼Ò Æ÷Áý ¹ßÀü¼Ò ¿À¸£Ä«(Orca)¸¦ ¼³Ä¡Çϴµ¥ ¼º°øÇÑ Å¬¶óÀÓ¿÷½ºÀÌ´Ù.
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¡¼¾È½Å¿ì Áö¼Ó°¡´É¹Ù¶÷ Àú³Î¸®½ºÆ®, ÀÌÀ±Áø ESG ¿¬±¸ÀÚ °â ¿îµ¿°¡, ¾ÈÄ¡¿ë ESG¿¬±¸¼ÒÀ塽
[1] ±â»óû, (2020 ), ‘Áö±¸¿Â³È 1.5C Ưº°º¸°í¼’ÇØ¼³¼.
[2] V. Masson-Delmotte, P. Zhai & Others, (2018),’ IPCC, 2018: Global warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty ‘, p. 14, In Press
[3] UNEP [United Nations Environment Programme]. 2017. The Emissions Gap Report 2017. Nairobi. (n.d.). Retrieved November 3, 2022, from https://www.unep.org/resources/emis sions-gap-report-2017
[4] IPCC, 2018: Global warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty (Sec. 4.3.7) [V. Masson-Delmotte, P. Zhai, H. O. Pörtner, D. Roberts, J. Skea, P.R. Shukla, A. Pirani, W. Moufouma-Okia, C. Péan, R. Pidcock, S. Connors, J. B. R. Matthews, Y. Chen, X. Zhou, M. I. Gomis, E. Lonnoy, T. Maycock, M. Tignor, T. Waterfield (eds.)]. In Press
[5] UNEP [United Nations Environment Programme]. 2017. The Emissions Gap Report 2017. Nairobi. (n.d.). Retrieved November 3, 2022, from https://www.unep.org/resources/emis sions-gap-report-2017
[6] ±¹¸³±â»ó°úÇпø, (2021), ‘±â»ó±â¼úÁ¤Ã¥’. Vol.14. No.2. ±â»óû
[7] ´ëÇѹα¹ ±³À°ºÎ, (2012.9.89) CO2 Àâ´Â ±â¼ú? ÀÌ»êÈź¼Ò Æ÷Áý ¹× ÀúÀå ±â¼ú!, ±³À°ºÎ °ø½Äºí·Î±× https://if-blog.tistory.com/2084
[8] ¼Û¿¹¿ø, & ¿Àä¿î. (2022). Á÷Á¢´ë±âź¼ÒÆ÷Áý ․ ÀúÀå(DACCS) ±â¼ú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ì¸®³ª¶ó R&D Á¤Ã¥ ¹æÇ⼺ ¿¬±¸ : DAC ±â¼ú Áß½ÉÀ¸·Î. Journal of Climate Change Research 2022, 13(1), 075–096. doi:https://doi.org/10.15531/KSCCR.2022.13.1.075
[9] Gambhir A, Tavoni M. 2019. Direct Air Carbon Capture and Sequestration: How It Works and How It Could Contribute to Climate-Change Mitigation. One Earth. 1(4):405–409. doi:10.1016/j.oneear.2019.11.006 1
[10] de Jonge MMJ & others, (2019), Life cycle carbon efficiency of Direct Air Capture systems with strong hydroxide sorbents. Int J Greenh Gas Control. 80(October 2018):25–31. doi:10.1016/j.ijggc.2018.11.011
[11] Sanz-Pérez ES & others. (2016). Direct Capture of CO2 from Ambient Air. Chem Rev. 116(19):11840–11876. doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00173
[12] Gambhir A, Tavoni M. 2019. Direct Air Carbon Capture and Sequestration: How It Works and How It Could Contribute to Climate-Change Mitigation. One Earth. 1(4):405–409. doi:10.1016/j.oneear.2019.11.006 1
[13] McQueen N, Gomes KV, McCormick C, Blumanthal K, Pisciotta M, Wilcox J. 2021. A review of direct air capture (DAC): scaling up commercial technologies and innovating for the future. Prog Energy. 3(3):032001. doi:10.1088/2516-1083/abf1ce
[14] Keith DW, Holmes G, St. Angelo D, Heidel K. 2018. A Process for Capturing CO2 from the Atmosphere. Joule. 2(8):1573–1594. doi:10.1016/j.joule.2018.05.006
¾È½Å¿ì(¹Ù¶÷ Àú³Î¸®½ºÆ®) yess@live.co.kr
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